Basal Cell Carcinoma

This article discusses the practice essentials, background information, and pathophysiology of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC).

It covers the types, symptoms, and risk factors associated with Basal Cell Carcinoma, as well as the common symptoms to watch out for. Skin Cancer Clinic in Australia

It also explores the prevalence of Basal Cell Carcinoma and its impact on individuals globally, as well as the age group most commonly affected and the significance of regular skin examinations for early diagnosis.

The pathophysiology of Basal Cell Carcinoma focuses on the role of long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which damages the DNA in skin cells and triggers the development of cancerous cells.

Additionally, genetic predisposition and weakened immune systems contribute to the multifactorial nature of Basal Cell Carcinoma. The article concludes by providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of Basal Cell Carcinoma, empowering them to take control of their skin health and well-being.

What Is A Basal Cell Carcinoma?

BCC right temple

Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer typically develops on sun exposed areas, such as the face, scalp, neck, and hands. There are several types of basal cell carcinoma, which are classified based on their appearance and characteristics. The main types include:

What are the types of basal cell carcinoma?

Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer typically develops on sun exposed areas, such as the face, scalp, neck, and hands. There are several types of basal cell carcinoma, which are classified based on their appearance and characteristics. The main types include:

  1. Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma:

This is the most common type of Basal Cell Carcinoma. This non melanoma skin cancer appears as a raised, pearly bump on the skin, often with visible blood vessels on the surface. It may ulcerate or develop a central depression.

  1. Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma:

This type of Basal Cell Carcinoma appears as a red, scaly patch on the skin. It often resembles eczema or a non-healing rash and can occur on the trunk or extremities.

  1. Morpheaform or Infiltrative Basal Cell Carcinoma:

This type of Basal Cell Carcinoma is more aggressive and can be challenging to treat. This non melanoma skin cancer tends to infiltrate the skin regularly surrounding tissues and lacks distinct borders. It may appear as a white, scar-like lesion or a flat, firm patch on the outer layer of the skin.

  1. Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma:

This variant of Basal Cell Carcinoma contains pigmented basal cells only, giving it a brown or black colour. It may be mistaken for a benign mole or melanoma, a more serious form of skin cancer.

  1. Fibroepithelial Basal Cell Carcinoma:

This is a rare type of Basal Cell Carcinoma that usually occurs on the chest or back. It appears as a firm, dome-shaped nodule and may have a pink or flesh-coloured hue.

It’s important to note that these are the main types of Basal Cell Carcinomas, but there can be variations and subtypes within each category. Basal cell carcinomas vary in appearance and behaviour, but they are generally slow-growing and rarely spread to other parts of the body. However, early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent further growth and potential complications. If you suspect you may have a basal cell carcinoma or any type of skin abnormality, it’s best to consult a dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

What Are The Symptoms Of Basal Cell Carcinoma ?

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) often presents with distinct symptoms and signs. The specific symptoms can vary depending on the subtype of BCC and its location on the body. Here are some common symptoms associated with basal cell carcinoma:

  1. Pearly or translucent bump:

The most typical symptom of BCC is the appearance of a small, shiny, pearly or translucent bump on the skin. The bump may be flesh-colored or pink and may have a rolled border. It can resemble a pimple or a smooth, shiny growth.

  1. Open sore or ulceration:

In some cases, a BCC may develop into an open sore or ulcer that does not heal, or it may repeatedly scab over and then heal, only to scab again. This non-healing sore may bleed easily or crust over.

  1. Red, scaly patch:

Some BCCs present as red, scaly patches on the skin. These patches may resemble eczema or a persistent rash and can be mistaken for other skin conditions.

  1. Flat, firm lesion:

Morpheaform or infiltrative BCCs may appear as flat, firm lesions with indistinct borders. They may have a white, scar-like appearance or resemble a waxy, flesh-coloured patch on the skin.

  1. Pigmentation:

In pigmented BCC, the lesion may have areas of brown or black pigmentation. This can lead to confusion with melanoma, another type of skin cancer.

  1. Itching or tenderness:

Some individuals with BCC may experience itching, tenderness, or pain in the affected area, although this is not always present.

It’s important to remember that these symptoms are general indicators of BCC and can vary from person to person.

What Causes Basal Cell Carcinoma?

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a skin cancer primarily caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources of sun damage, such as tanning beds. UV radiation damages the DNA in the skin cells, leading to the development of cancerous basal cells. However, not everyone who is exposed to UV radiation will develop BCC, indicating that there are other factors at play.

Here are some key factors that contribute to the development of basal cell carcinoma:

  1. UV radiation exposure:

Prolonged and cumulative exposure to UV radiation is the most significant risk factor for BCC. Overexposure to sunlight, particularly during childhood and adolescence, increases the risk. People who spend a lot of time outdoors, have outdoor occupations, or have a history of frequent sunburns are at a higher risk.

  1. Fair skin and light skin is:

Individuals with fair skin, light-coloured eyes (blue or green), and light hair (blond hair or red hair) have less melanin, which provides some protection against UV radiation. As a result, they are more susceptible to the damaging effects of UV radiation and have a higher risk of developing BCC.

  1. Age:

Basal cell carcinoma is more the most common skin cancer only in older individuals. Cumulative sun exposure over a lifetime increases the risk, and BCC typically develops in areas frequently exposed to the sun.

  1. Weakened immune system:

People with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing organ transplantation or individuals with HIV/AIDS, have an increased risk of developing BCC. The immune system plays a crucial role in identifying and eliminating abnormal cells, including cancer cells.

  1. Family history:

There is evidence to suggest that certain genetic factors may contribute to the development of basal cell carcinoma. People with a family history of BCC may have a higher risk of developing the condition themselves.

It’s important to note that while these factors increase the likelihood of developing BCC, they do not guarantee its occurrence. Taking precautionary measures to protect the sun exposed skin itself from excessive UV radiation, such as wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours, can significantly reduce the relative risk of of developing basal cell carcinoma. Regular skin examinations and early detection are also essential for timely treatment and improved outcomes.

How Is Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed?

biopsy helps to diagnose skin cancers

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is typically diagnosed through a combination of a medical examination and, if necessary, further diagnostic procedures. If you suspect you may have BCC or if your doctor suspects it based on your symptoms, they will follow these steps to make a diagnosis:

 

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